Salamanders

By smell

By sight

By taste

By touch

It is lower when there are a lot of cannibals.

It is higher when there are a lot of cannibals.

Researchers did not study the likelihood of extinction.

Cannibals were not an indicator of extinction.

Insects and Plants

Aquatic crustaceans and insects

Fish and Frogs

Rocks and Sand

Has a wider head and larger teeth

Has larger teeth

Has a wider head

Eats other salamanders

All ponds

Mountain meadow ponds between 5,000 and 9,600 feet

All mountain meadow ponds

Mountain meadow ponds between 2,600 and 5,000 feet

Low incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

Medium incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

There are no disadvantages

High incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

have distinctive physical traits associated with their behavior.

have special teeth associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

don't have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.