Salamanders

High incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

Low incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

There are no disadvantages

Medium incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

It is lower when there are a lot of cannibals.

Cannibals were not an indicator of extinction.

Researchers did not study the likelihood of extinction.

It is higher when there are a lot of cannibals.

Mountain meadow ponds between 5,000 and 9,600 feet

All mountain meadow ponds

Mountain meadow ponds between 2,600 and 5,000 feet

All ponds

By smell

By touch

By taste

By sight

Fish and Frogs

Aquatic crustaceans and insects

Rocks and Sand

Insects and Plants

Eats other salamanders

Has a wider head

Has a wider head and larger teeth

Has larger teeth

have special teeth associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

have distinctive physical traits associated with their behavior.

have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

don't have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.