Salamanders

don't have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

have distinctive physical traits associated with their behavior.

have special teeth associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

There are no disadvantages

Medium incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

Low incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

High incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

Rocks and Sand

Fish and Frogs

Insects and Plants

Aquatic crustaceans and insects

All mountain meadow ponds

Mountain meadow ponds between 5,000 and 9,600 feet

Mountain meadow ponds between 2,600 and 5,000 feet

All ponds

Has larger teeth

Eats other salamanders

Has a wider head and larger teeth

Has a wider head

Cannibals were not an indicator of extinction.

It is lower when there are a lot of cannibals.

Researchers did not study the likelihood of extinction.

It is higher when there are a lot of cannibals.

By sight

By touch

By smell

By taste