Salamanders

Mountain meadow ponds between 2,600 and 5,000 feet

Mountain meadow ponds between 5,000 and 9,600 feet

All ponds

All mountain meadow ponds

Has a wider head

Has larger teeth

Has a wider head and larger teeth

Eats other salamanders

It is lower when there are a lot of cannibals.

It is higher when there are a lot of cannibals.

Researchers did not study the likelihood of extinction.

Cannibals were not an indicator of extinction.

Fish and Frogs

Insects and Plants

Rocks and Sand

Aquatic crustaceans and insects

By taste

By touch

By sight

By smell

have special teeth associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

have distinctive physical traits associated with their behavior.

don't have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

Low incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

There are no disadvantages

Medium incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

High incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection