Salamanders

Rocks and Sand

Fish and Frogs

Insects and Plants

Aquatic crustaceans and insects

It is higher when there are a lot of cannibals.

Cannibals were not an indicator of extinction.

Researchers did not study the likelihood of extinction.

It is lower when there are a lot of cannibals.

There are no disadvantages

Low incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

Medium incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

High incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

By taste

By sight

By touch

By smell

Has larger teeth

Has a wider head and larger teeth

Has a wider head

Eats other salamanders

have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

don't have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

have special teeth associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

have distinctive physical traits associated with their behavior.

Mountain meadow ponds between 2,600 and 5,000 feet

All ponds

All mountain meadow ponds

Mountain meadow ponds between 5,000 and 9,600 feet