Salamanders

Researchers did not study the likelihood of extinction.

It is lower when there are a lot of cannibals.

Cannibals were not an indicator of extinction.

It is higher when there are a lot of cannibals.

Low incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

There are no disadvantages

Medium incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

High incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

have special teeth associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

have distinctive physical traits associated with their behavior.

have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

don't have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

Eats other salamanders

Has larger teeth

Has a wider head

Has a wider head and larger teeth

Aquatic crustaceans and insects

Rocks and Sand

Fish and Frogs

Insects and Plants

By taste

By touch

By smell

By sight

All ponds

Mountain meadow ponds between 2,600 and 5,000 feet

All mountain meadow ponds

Mountain meadow ponds between 5,000 and 9,600 feet