Salamanders

It is higher when there are a lot of cannibals.

It is lower when there are a lot of cannibals.

Cannibals were not an indicator of extinction.

Researchers did not study the likelihood of extinction.

Fish and Frogs

Rocks and Sand

Insects and Plants

Aquatic crustaceans and insects

All ponds

Mountain meadow ponds between 2,600 and 5,000 feet

All mountain meadow ponds

Mountain meadow ponds between 5,000 and 9,600 feet

Medium incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

High incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

There are no disadvantages

Low incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

Eats other salamanders

Has a wider head and larger teeth

Has larger teeth

Has a wider head

By taste

By smell

By sight

By touch

have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

don't have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

have special teeth associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

have distinctive physical traits associated with their behavior.