Salamanders

It is lower when there are a lot of cannibals.

Researchers did not study the likelihood of extinction.

Cannibals were not an indicator of extinction.

It is higher when there are a lot of cannibals.

Has larger teeth

Has a wider head

Eats other salamanders

Has a wider head and larger teeth

have special teeth associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

don't have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

have distinctive physical traits associated with their behavior.

have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

Medium incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

High incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

There are no disadvantages

Low incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

By taste

By sight

By smell

By touch

All mountain meadow ponds

All ponds

Mountain meadow ponds between 2,600 and 5,000 feet

Mountain meadow ponds between 5,000 and 9,600 feet

Rocks and Sand

Insects and Plants

Aquatic crustaceans and insects

Fish and Frogs