Salamanders

By taste

By sight

By smell

By touch

There are no disadvantages

Low incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

Medium incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

High incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

Cannibals were not an indicator of extinction.

Researchers did not study the likelihood of extinction.

It is higher when there are a lot of cannibals.

It is lower when there are a lot of cannibals.

Fish and Frogs

Rocks and Sand

Insects and Plants

Aquatic crustaceans and insects

don't have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

have distinctive physical traits associated with their behavior.

have special teeth associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

Has larger teeth

Has a wider head and larger teeth

Has a wider head

Eats other salamanders

Mountain meadow ponds between 5,000 and 9,600 feet

All ponds

Mountain meadow ponds between 2,600 and 5,000 feet

All mountain meadow ponds