Salamanders

All mountain meadow ponds

Mountain meadow ponds between 2,600 and 5,000 feet

All ponds

Mountain meadow ponds between 5,000 and 9,600 feet

Aquatic crustaceans and insects

Fish and Frogs

Insects and Plants

Rocks and Sand

It is lower when there are a lot of cannibals.

Cannibals were not an indicator of extinction.

It is higher when there are a lot of cannibals.

Researchers did not study the likelihood of extinction.

By smell

By sight

By taste

By touch

Has a wider head and larger teeth

Has larger teeth

Eats other salamanders

Has a wider head

don't have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

have distinctive physical traits associated with their behavior.

have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

have special teeth associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

High incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

Low incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

Medium incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

There are no disadvantages