Salamanders

Has larger teeth

Has a wider head

Eats other salamanders

Has a wider head and larger teeth

have special teeth associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

have distinctive physical traits associated with their behavior.

don't have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

Medium incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

Low incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

There are no disadvantages

High incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

Fish and Frogs

Insects and Plants

Aquatic crustaceans and insects

Rocks and Sand

All ponds

Mountain meadow ponds between 5,000 and 9,600 feet

All mountain meadow ponds

Mountain meadow ponds between 2,600 and 5,000 feet

By sight

By taste

By touch

By smell

Cannibals were not an indicator of extinction.

It is lower when there are a lot of cannibals.

Researchers did not study the likelihood of extinction.

It is higher when there are a lot of cannibals.