Salamanders

Medium incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

High incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

Low incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

There are no disadvantages

have special teeth associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

have distinctive physical traits associated with their behavior.

don't have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

It is lower when there are a lot of cannibals.

It is higher when there are a lot of cannibals.

Researchers did not study the likelihood of extinction.

Cannibals were not an indicator of extinction.

All ponds

Mountain meadow ponds between 5,000 and 9,600 feet

All mountain meadow ponds

Mountain meadow ponds between 2,600 and 5,000 feet

Has a wider head

Has larger teeth

Has a wider head and larger teeth

Eats other salamanders

Rocks and Sand

Insects and Plants

Fish and Frogs

Aquatic crustaceans and insects

By sight

By touch

By smell

By taste