Salamanders

There are no disadvantages

Low incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

High incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

Medium incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

Cannibals were not an indicator of extinction.

Researchers did not study the likelihood of extinction.

It is lower when there are a lot of cannibals.

It is higher when there are a lot of cannibals.

By sight

By taste

By smell

By touch

Has larger teeth

Eats other salamanders

Has a wider head

Has a wider head and larger teeth

Insects and Plants

Rocks and Sand

Fish and Frogs

Aquatic crustaceans and insects

Mountain meadow ponds between 5,000 and 9,600 feet

All mountain meadow ponds

Mountain meadow ponds between 2,600 and 5,000 feet

All ponds

have distinctive physical traits associated with their behavior.

don't have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

have special teeth associated with their cannibalistic behavior.