Salamanders

don't have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

have distinctive physical traits associated with their behavior.

have special teeth associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

All ponds

Mountain meadow ponds between 2,600 and 5,000 feet

Mountain meadow ponds between 5,000 and 9,600 feet

All mountain meadow ponds

Cannibals were not an indicator of extinction.

Researchers did not study the likelihood of extinction.

It is lower when there are a lot of cannibals.

It is higher when there are a lot of cannibals.

Rocks and Sand

Insects and Plants

Fish and Frogs

Aquatic crustaceans and insects

By taste

By touch

By sight

By smell

Has a wider head and larger teeth

Has a wider head

Has larger teeth

Eats other salamanders

High incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

Low incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

There are no disadvantages

Medium incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection