Salamanders

Researchers did not study the likelihood of extinction.

It is lower when there are a lot of cannibals.

Cannibals were not an indicator of extinction.

It is higher when there are a lot of cannibals.

There are no disadvantages

High incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

Medium incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

Low incidence of disease caused by a bacterial infection

Mountain meadow ponds between 5,000 and 9,600 feet

All ponds

All mountain meadow ponds

Mountain meadow ponds between 2,600 and 5,000 feet

Has a wider head and larger teeth

Eats other salamanders

Has larger teeth

Has a wider head

Aquatic crustaceans and insects

Fish and Frogs

Rocks and Sand

Insects and Plants

By smell

By taste

By sight

By touch

have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

have special teeth associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

don't have distinctive physical traits associated with their cannibalistic behavior.

have distinctive physical traits associated with their behavior.